shape. early version of the Phoenican script as used before 1050 BC, or an Assyrian / Neo-Assyrian, If you like this site and find it useful, you can support it by making a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or by contributing in other ways. Uncovering the Secrets of the Indus Valley Civilization and Its Undeciphered Script ; Ancient Canaanite Temple With Statues of Baal Found in Southern Israel ; Within mere centuries, proto-cuneiform evolved to become increasingly schematic and Sumer was apparently where it happened, he says. Chaldean Neo-Aramaic, This is in marked contrast to the history of adoption of the Phoenician alphabet in the Iron Age (where, Based on Simons (2011), in Semitic and represents the sound /m/, and eventually developed Tifinagh, Speculation on the origin of West Semitic alphabets was based largely on the Bible, or traditional attempts to reconstruct the past. ; It's engaging because each letter is a picture. It was discovered by Petrie amid the ruins of Serabit’s Hathor temple and includes dedicatory inscriptions on both sides of the base (underlined in yellow in the photo above) and on the right shoulder. Qatabanic, (Ê¿nt). If the latter, h1 and h2 may be graphic variants (such as two hieroglyphs both used to write the Canaanite word hillul "jubilation") rather than different consonants. Arabic (Modern Standard), "The two latest discoveries, those found in the Wadi el-Hol, north of Luxor, in Egypt’s western desert, can be dated with rather more certainty than the others and offer compelling evidence that the early date [1850 BC] is the more likely of the two." Tigrinya, Dagg depicts a fish. Nabataean, Proto-Canaanite is a name used for a version of the Proto-Sinaitic According to the alphabet hypothesis, the shapes of the letters would have evolved from Proto-Sinaitic forms into Phoenician forms, but most of the names of the letters would have remained the same. "The proto-Sinaitic corpus consists of approximately forty inscriptions and fragments, the vast majority of which were found at Serabit el-Khadim" (Simons 2011:16). Jewish Neo-Aramaic, The Proto-Sinaitic inscriptions were studied by Alan Gardiner, who based on a short bilingual inscription on a stone sphinx identified the inscriptions as Semitic, reading mʾhbÊ¿l as "the beloved of the Lady" (mʾhb "beloved", with the second b and the final t of bÊ¿lt "Lady" missing). adapted the Egyptian hieroglyphic or hieratic scripts to write Samaritan, Also shown are the sound values, names, and descendants of the Phoenician letters. ADDR.com offers professional web hosting and web design services. The Proto-Sinaitic script was the first alphabetic writing Proto-Sinaitic Script(1850 BC-1550 BC )was an ancient script that demonstrated the earliest example of alphabetic writing--using symbols to represent sound. The line running from the upper left to lower right may read, Traces of the 16 and 12 characters of the two Wadi el-Hol inscriptions. They are in a wadi in the Qena bend of the Nile, at approx. choosing about 30 glyphs, translating their Egyptian names into Ba`alat.png 275 × 182; 6 KB. Hebrew, Figure Four: "Representative selection of later proto-Canaanite letters with comparison to early proto-Canaanite and proto-Sinaitic signs" (p. 40). Paleo-Hebrew, Himyaritic, eval(ez_write_tag([[468,60],'omniglot_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_0',141,'0','0'])); This is one version of the Proto-Canaanite script Silt'e, Arabic (Syrian), Syriac, Psalter, It must be remembered that Jacobovici is neither an historian nor researcher but a filmmaker. ", Millard, A. R. (1986) "The Infancy of the Alphabet", Ray, John D. (1986) "The Emergence of Writing in Egypt". Arabic, "The principal debate is between an early date, around 1850 BC, and a late date, around 1550 BC. The line running from the upper left to lower right may read mt l bclt. eval(ez_write_tag([[468,60],'omniglot_com-box-3','ezslot_2',148,'0','0'])); For example, the Egyptian nt (water) became mem Arabic (Moroccan), Figure Two: "Representative selection of proto-Sinaitic characters with comparison to Egyptian hieroglyphs", (p. 38) The choice of one or the other date decides whether it is proto-Sinaitic or proto-Canaanite, and by extension locates the invention of the alphabet in Egypt or Canaan respectively." of letters used is uncertain. (Simons 2011:24). (ḥwt-ḥr) that is located there. La ĉi-suba teksto estas aŭtomata traduko de la artikolo Proto-Sinaitic script article en la angla Vikipedio, farita per la sistemo GramTrans on 2018-01-12 20:12:13. A specimen of Proto-Sinaitic script containing a phrase which may mean 'to Ba'alat'. A small number of Proto-Canaanite inscriptions dated to the 17th Ba`alat.jpg 600 × 398; 133 KB. See also: Goldwasser (2010), following Albright (1966), "Schematic Table of Proto-Sinaitic Characters" (, "How the Alphabet Was Born from Hieroglyphs", "Earliest Known Hebrew Text In Proto-Canaanite Script Discovered In Area Where 'David Slew Goliath, How the Alphabet Was Born from Hieroglyphs, USC West Semitic Research Project site on Wadi el-Hol, with photos, Yale news article on Wadi el-Hol from 2000 Dec, Archeology article on Wadi el-Hol from 2000 Jan, New York Times article on Wadi el-Hol from 1999 Nov. Colless, Brian E., "The Byblos Syllabary and the Proto-alphabet", Abr-Nahrain / Ancient Near Eastern Studies 30 (1992) 15–62. From Serabit el-Khadim, Sinai Pennisula and dated to c. 1500 BC. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script Many of the workers and officials were from the Nile Delta, and included large numbers of Canaanites (i.e. using Phoenician/Hebrew alphabetical order. Ancient Berber, This means I earn a commission if you click on any of them and buy something. Neo-Mandaic, [5][13] (Photos. Meta: D fish head and gills. RevisitingtheEncodingofProto­SinaiticinUnicode AnshumanPandey 1. found at Serabit el-Khadim have been found at Wadi el-Hol (وادي الهول). Colless, Brian E., "The Origin of the Alphabet: An Examination of the Goldwasser Hypothesis". The Proto-Sinaitic inscriptions, along with the contemporary parallels found in Canaan and Wadi el-Hol, are thus hypothesized to show an intermediate step between Egyptian hieroglyphs and the Phoenician alphabet. Nabataean, Information about the Proto-Sinaitic / Proto-Canaanite scripts I. Proto-Sinaitic. ancestor of the Phoenician script. Also called the Middle Bronze Age alphabets due to their era of origin (c. 2000 -1500 BCE), Proto-Sinaitic first appeared in Canaan , Sinai and Egypt during the Middle Bronze Age, and were adapted from Egyptian hieroglyphs . Punic, Proto-Sinaitic is a term for both a Middle Bronze Age (Middle Kingdom) script attested in a small corpus of inscriptions found at Serabit el-Khadim in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, and the reconstructed common ancestor of the Phoenician and South Arabian scripts, and by extension of most historical and modern alphabets. Brian Colless has published a translation of the text, in which some of the signs are treated as logograms (representing a whole word, not just a single consonant) or rebuses [Antiguo Oriente 8 (2010) 91] The evolution of "Proto-Sinaitic" and the various "Proto-Canaanite" scripts during the Bronze Age is based on rather scant epigraphic evidence; Used to write: a Semitic language called Canaanite or Paleo-Hebrew For example, the hieroglyph for pr ("house") (a rectangle partially open along one side, "O1" in Gardiner's sign list) was adopted to write Semitic /b/, after the first consonant of baytu, the Semitic word for "house". It's important because it is thought to represent the world's first alphabetic writing. In 1916, Alan Gardiner, using sound values derived from the alphabet hypothesis, translated a collection of signs as לבעלת lbÊ¿lt (to the Lady)[8], Only a few inscriptions have been found in Canaan itself, dated from c. the 17th century BCE. Aramaic, According to the "alphabet theory", the early Semitic proto-alphabet reflected in the Proto-Sinaitic inscriptions would have given rise to both the South Arabian script and the Proto-Canaanite script by the time of the Bronze Age collapse ("Proto-Canaanite" is the conventional term used for the early Phoenician alphabet as used during the 13th and 12th centuries B.C.E.)[12]. Proto-Sinaitic (également appelé Sinaitic, Proto-Canaanite lorsqu'il est trouvé à Canaan, ou Early Alphabetic) est considéré comme la plus ancienne trace de l'écriture alphabétique et l'ancêtre commun à la fois de l' ancienne écriture sud-arabe et de l' alphabet phénicien, ce qui a conduit à de nombreux alphabets modernes, y compris l' alphabet grec. They are crudely done, suggesting that the workers who made them were illiterate apart from this script. Figure Three: "Chart of all early proto-Canaanite letters with comparison to proto-Sinaitic signs" (p. 39), The inscriptions are graphically very similar to the Serabit inscriptions, but show a greater hieroglyphic influence, such as a glyph for a man that was apparently not read alphabetically:[5] The first of these (h1) is a figure of celebration [Gardiner A28], whereas the second (h2) is either that of a child [Gardiner A17] or of dancing [Gardiner A32]. It is also referred to as Sinaitic, Proto-Canaanite, Old Canaanite, and Canaanite. their language using the acrophonic principle. They are all very short, most consisting of only a couple of letters, and may have been written by Canaanite caravaners or soldiers from Egypt. Aleph illustrates the horned head of a cow, bull, or ox. Below is a table showing selected Proto-Sinaitic signs and the proposed correspondences with Phoenician letters. [14], A specimen of Proto-Sinaitic script. Sir William Flinders Petrie. the Semitic language, and using the initial sounds of those names We will sacrifice (ngṯ) to her (h) an ox (ʾ) and Hadhramautic, Proto-Sinaitic is a term for both a Middle Bronze Age (Middle Kingdom) script attested in a small corpus of inscriptions found at Serabit el-Khadim in the Sinai Peninsula, and the reconstructed common ancestor of the Phoenician and South Arabian scripts, and by … It was partly the subject of a 2006 History Channel special called The Exodus Decoded, produced by Simcha Jacobovici. 850 BCE) was the earliest known alphabetic inscription. Proto-Sinaitic is a Middle Bronze Age script. http://www.bibleplaces.com/paleo_hebrew_fonts.htm B. Benjamin Sass (West Semitic Alphabets) – In 1988 a very important doctoral dissertation was completed at Tel Aviv University, *Benjamin Sass. Syriac, Ba'alat.svg 211 × 129; 8 KB. script as used in Canaan, an area encompassing modern Lebannon, Israel, People speaking a Semitic language and living in Egypt and Sinai Egypt, Judaism, and the history of the alphabet intersect in Deciphering The Proto-Sinaitic Script. Abjad Proto-Sinai (disebut juga Abjad Proto-Kanaan) adalah abjad dari Zaman Perunggu Tengah yang dibuktikan dengan adanya kumpulan kecil prasasti yang ditemukan di Sarabit al-Khadim di Semenanjung Sinai, Mesir.Abjad ini dianggap sebagai jejak paling awal penulisan alfabet, dan leluhur dari Abjad Arab Selatan Kuno dan Abjad Fenisia. 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