2 hours ago, Research Spotlight More research and analysis will be needed to discover just why this water sits in the lonely middle. Enjoy the science! Eos is a source for news and perspectives about Earth and space science, including coverage of new research, analyses of science policy, and scientist-authored descriptions of their ongoing research and commentary on issues affecting the science community. This entry was posted Learn more about the summit lake. Her home away from SciAm is Dana Hunter's Unconformity, 20 hours ago — Scott Barry Kaufman | Opinion, 23 hours ago — Stephen J. Ceci and Wendy M. Williams | Opinion, October 25, 2020 — Rachel Bluth and Kaiser Health News. Landsat satellites periodically collect multi-spectral imagery of the lake; the images at the top of this page provide a natural-color perspective. Lally, H. T., et al. The water has a maximum temperature of around 80–85 degrees Celsius (176–185 degrees Fahrenheit). In July, for instance, morning sunglint transformed the muddy brown water to something that glittered and shimmered (see photo above). The U.S. Geological Survey says temperature readings taken over the weekend show that a growing pool of water in the crater, the former home of Kilauea's summit lava lake, is about 158 degrees Fahrenheit (70 degrees Celsius). These rift zones host most eruptions that occur outside of the summit. Prior to the appearance of the water lake, the only window into the state of groundwater at Kīlauea’s summit was through periodic water level and chemistry monitoring of a research well drilled in the 1970s about 1 kilometer from Halema‘uma‘u Crater. One byproduct of all the scientific monitoring is a steady stream of lake imagery that is visually striking as well as scientifically interesting. When magma and water meet, there is the potential for violent explosions to result when the liquid turns to steam and expands, creating pressure that is often released by flinging rocks and lava about. Res., 137(1), 15–31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.015. Kilauea Iki, a crater directly east of Kilauea, erupted spectacularly in 1959, creating a 400-foot- (120-metre-) deep lake of molten lava and Pu‘u Pua‘i (“Gushing Hill”), a cinder cone near its southern rim. While a small amount of rain falls directly into the crater, most of the water is coming from groundwater (that started off as rainfall that percolated into the ground) seeping in where the water table intersects the crater. The association of surface water with enhanced explosive potential only heightens the need to sample and study the water regularly. The U.S. Geological Survey says temperature readings taken over the weekend show that a growing pool of water in the crater, the former home of Kilauea's summit lava lake, is about 158 degrees Fahrenheit (70 degrees Celsius). “The chance to monitor an incipient volcanic lake is not unprecedented, but it is rare,” a group of USGS geologists wrote in EOS. I've written e-books on Android and Alaska. So in the tradition of continually pursuing advances in volcano monitoring technology, HVO turned to UAS to draw water from the volcano’s new lake. 1 September 2020. Scientists have discovered the water inside Halemaumau crater is hot. Although new fumaroles have since appeared, they are all inaccessible, located on the steep walls of the deepened crater. © 2020 Forbes Media LLC. Preliminary tests conducted immediately after the drone returned the sample revealed the waters have a pH of 4.2, roughly the same level of acidity as many of the fruit juices you can find on grocery store shelves. But the road used for these measurements had collapsed into the crater. It has been about a year since lava finally stopped flowing from Hawaii's Kilauea volcano, but now something else is flowing deep inside its summit crater. It was most recently home to a lake of lava from 2008 to 2018. The east rift zone supports numerous pit craters ending in Makaopuhi, with a … Patricia A. Nadeau ([email protected]), Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, USGS, Hilo; Angela K. Diefenbach, Cascades Volcano Observatory, USGS, Vancouver, Wash.; Shaul Hurwitz, California Volcano Observatory, USGS, Moffett Field; and Donald A. Swanson, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, USGS, Hilo, News On a misty, gray morning, scientists watched with anticipation as a water sampler dunked beneath the surface of a small lake. Here’s how that could look, Bar owners sue Honolulu over tiered virus reopening plan. © 2020 American Geophysical Union. That partial evacuation of Kīlauea’s summit magma resulted in a collapsed crater more than 500 meters deeper and 825 million cubic meters larger than it was before the eruption [Anderson et al., 2019], the first water lake in written history at Kīlauea, and a new era of science and monitoring for HVO. And you can see it retained some heat in this nifty thermal image taken right after the sample arrived at the rim. It will be critical to keep a close eye on the amount of SO2 being dissolved in the water in order to help determine whether magma is rising again. I've written e-books on Android and Alaska. There were five events with three or more felt reports in the Hawaiian Islands during the past week: a magnitude-2.7 earthquake 9 miles southeast of Waimea at 10:37 p.m. July 29; a magnitude-2.2 earthquake 1 mile west-southwest of Pahala at 6:31 a.m. July 27; a magnitude-4.7 earthquake 11 miles southeast of Naalehu at 6:05 a.m. July 27; a magnitude-2.6 earthquake 18 miles east of Honaunau-Napoopoo at 9:10 p.m. July 26; and a magnitude-2.5 earthquake less than a mile south of Pahala at 5:11 p.m. on July 23. Scientists have also been conducting regular helicopter flights over the lake and monitoring a suite of ground-based sensors (seismometers, GPS sites, thermal cameras, and others) that measure the motion of the ground, gaseous emissions, and the appearance and temperature of the lake. If there’s so much dissolved SO2 , and SO2 makes water acidic, why doesn’t the crater lake have a lower pH? Besides being uncommon because of its very existence, this lake is unique in that it is only mildly acidic, with a pH of ~4.0, while most volcanic lakes are either strongly acidic or strongly alkaline. Close study of the chemistry and textures of older deposits at Kīlauea is crucial for assessing the volcano’s past, and UAS provide the safest way to begin investigating rocks newly exposed by the crater collapse that have never before been studied [Anderson et al., 2019]. Pinging is currently not allowed. With UAS becoming a critical tool at HVO, turning to them to sample the new water lake, first spotted in July 2019, was a logical step. Because magma progressively releases gases during its ascent, increases in SO2 emissions can herald coming volcanic unrest and eruptive activity. And there’s a bouncing baby crater lake to investigate! Influxes of new water often set up gradients of color that range from green to rusty orange (also above). This alert level does not mean that an eruption is imminent or that progression to eruption from current level of unrest is certain. Stearns, H. T. (1925), The explosive phase of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, in 1924, Bull Volcanol., 2(2), 193–208, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02719505. Some insights from the Keanakāko‘i Ash, Kı̄lauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, J. Volcanol. (2004), What makes hydromagmatic eruptions violent? And on a day when a light mist moved across the caldera, a webcam at the summit acquired a striking image of a rainbow framing the lake (below). Other satellites with Interferometric Aperture Radar (InSAR) complement the ground-based GPS sites by offering a crucial, large-scale view of land deformation. When Kīlauea’s activity began to escalate in 2018, HVO tapped unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) to support monitoring efforts, particularly in areas that were inaccessible or too hazardous for ground crews or traditional aircraft.Unoccupied aircraft systems have become more common in volcanology in recent years, but prior uses of UAS by the USGS for volcano monitoring had occurred primarily through university partnerships or through the USGS Volcano Disaster Assistance Program‘s work with international colleagues.

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