Kenyon established a mortuary facility in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, to conduct post mortem and victim identification procedures. USAID partnered with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to develop the initiative, which awarded its first-to-market prize to cell phone carrier Digicel in January 2011. Kenyon had the operational capacity and capability to provide a specialist disaster response team to focus their skills and expertise on locating, recovering, managing, identifying and repatriating the deceased found at specific locations in the disaster region. The EU gave $330 million and the World Bank waived the Without question, an enormous effort lays ahead. 7, 2011), http://www.madre.org/index/press-room-4/news/gender-based-violence-against--haitian-women--girls-in-internal-displacement-camps-611.html. In addition to response coordination challenges, the international community faces a number of difficult on-the-ground challenges to reconstruction in Haiti. 104Post-earthquake USG Strategy Toward Renewal and Economic Opportunity, supra note 100, at 37–39. 3See Engineer: Tough Japanese Building Codes Worked, CBS News (Mar. The transition from short-term, temporary jobs to permanent employment also presented a challenge to managing the relief-to-reconstruction continuum. confusion over who was in charge, air traffic congestion, and problems with The nature of the U.S. military as an important asset in disaster relief and humanitarian assistance requires ongoing civilian–military cooperation. There were many aftershocks after the main event. Emergency relief aid package: €30 million (incl. 53See Matthew Bolton, Human Security After State Collapse: Global Governance in Post-earthquake Haiti 18 (London Sch. Unit, World Bank, Haiti: Social Resilience and State Fragility in Haiti: A Country Social Analysis, at i (2006), available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOCIALANALYSIS/1104894-1115795935771/20938696/Haiti_CSA.pdf. Recovery has been long and fraught with difficulty, the threat of cholera and regular tropical storms, mean that Oxfam’s emergency response capability will always be a core part of our program. of Econ., Research Paper RP 01/2011, 2011), available at http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/32167/1/After%20State%20Collapse%20Haiti%20Glob%20Gov%20Paper%20Revisedx.pdf. This detailed process, which is necessary to ensure that resources are focused on those most in need, can consume time and slow down recovery efforts. Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, Clinton Global Initiative, CGI Haiti Action Network Wash/Shelter Group: Activity Report June 2011, U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Haiti: Hurricane Tomas: Cholera: Situation Report #14, Fast Facts on the U.S. Government’s Work in Haiti: Gender Based Violence, Inter-agency Standing Committee Taskforce on Gender in Humanitarian Assistance, Guidelines for Gender-Based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Prevention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, Fast Facts on the U.S. Government’s Work in Haiti: Funding, Dep’t of State, Post-earthquake USG Strategy Toward Renewal and Economic Opportunity, Post-earthquake USG Strategy Toward Renewal and Economic Opportunity], Post-earthquake USG Strategy Toward Renewal and Economic Opportunity. Before the earthquake, Haiti was already one of the poorest countries in the western hemisphere. destroying infrastructure; and generating about 10 million cubic meters of rubble. affirms this and encourages wider international recognition of the UN’s Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement as a useful framework. 12, 2011, 11:42 AM), http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/03/12/earlyshow/saturday/main20042459.shtml; Melissa Lafsky, The Power of Building Codes: Chile Death Toll Less than 1% That of Haiti, Infrastructurist (Mar. The estimated death toll was in excess of 220,000 people. Mobile banking will make it easier for Haitians to access savings accounts and other financial services. The more efficient targeting of humanitarian resources can be aided by greater standardization of methodologies and reporting tools for the collection and analysis of data used by different humanitarian actors. Data Grp., World Bank, Haiti at a Glance 1 (2006), available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTHAITI/Resources/Haiti.AAG.pdf (estimates for the period 2000–2005). 116Id. 12, 2011, 11:42 AM), http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/03/12/earlyshow/saturday/main20042459.shtml; Melissa Lafsky, The Power of Building Codes: Chile Death Toll Less than 1% That of Haiti, Infrastructurist (Mar. and up to eighty percent of the population was unemployed or working in the informal sector, which is not taxed or monitored by the government. 14, 2011, 4:24 PM) (listing earthquakes by number of deaths). 31Jessica Desvarieux, Task of Rebuilding Haiti Expected To Be Ambitious, Arduous, CNN (Jan. 30, 2010), http://articles.cnn.com/2010-01-30/world/haiti.construction_1_haiti-international-aid-usaid. be buried in mass graves. All unclaimed items were returned to the UN for distribution to the relevant family members. Programme, Human Development Report 2009: Overcoming Barriers: Human Mobility and Development 145 (2009), available at http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf (ranking countries by overall human development at the end of 2009).

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