The offense is further subdivided into the attack and its exploitation, and pursuit is culminating in encirclement. Also, modern digital transmission modes allow for communications to occur at low power levels, complicating adversary detection. The Logic of Fait Accompli States that seek to expand their territories have three basic options: (i) brute force, (ii) coercion, or (iii) fait accompli. Yahoo ist Teil von Verizon Media. This point is very relevant for the NDS, which is oriented on defending alliances and particularly defending the vulnerable allies in a way that is politically sustainable and credible in the sense that it would be a plausible way for the U.S. and its allies to fight and within reasonable limits prevail. 3 Kenneth N. Waltz, “Nuclear Myths and Political Realities,” American Political Science Review 84, no. For these forces, HF is an integrated part of their communications, and the ability to fight as a unified NATO force is strengthened by a coherent ability to use HF communications. Ultimately the idea was also to reduce our reliance on nuclear weapons for deterrence and defense, though they always played a crucial role. This will lead to increased confusion and disruption and will lay a foundation for Russian information dominance. Mexican water wars: Dam seized, troops deployed, at least one killed in protests about sharing with U.S. Russia's War in Syria: Assessing Russian Military Capabilities and Lessons Learned, Preparing Senior Officers and Their Counterparts for Interagency National Security Decisionmaking, Russia Takes its Syrian Model of Counterinsurgency to Africa, The Law of (Future) Armed Conflict: LOAC, Technology, and the Changing Character of Warfare, The Missing, Irregular Half of Great Power Competition, When the Campaign Meets the City: Urban Battles and the Operational Level of War. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! Joint Terminal Attack Controllers (JTACs) and their NATO equivalent, affected by adversarial electronic warfare, are of no operational value if they cannot communicate the targeting information. This was ultimately Eisenhower’s objective: America has an interest in a Europe of sovereign states that are able to collaborate and defend themselves, backed by America’s commitment. Where are we in the development of the 3rd offset strategy as well in addressing the problem sets that were at the core of its development? Others in the East want a Fort NATO that cover the whole Eastern Flank. In fact, most of them would probably assume that it would stay conventional and largely limited to a relatively confined theater–so we need to deal with this reality. Sie können Ihre Einstellungen jederzeit ändern. The Joint Forces Staff College is located in Norfolk, Va. You said recently that “from a strategic perspective, in many respects we face a situation not unlikely the one in the late 1970s when there was a real perception of the decline of the Western deterrent.” That context was the one conducive to the developing of what has been called the 2nd offset strategy and to a bolstering of the conventional deterrence posture in Europe (through forward presence, reinforcement, rapid reaction forces and pre-positioned equipment). These approaches, then, tend to see the melting away of the state as inevitable and the state and its military and economic power as less and less important. A pivotal part in the Russian calculation is the ability to separate joint operations and disallow defending ground forces access to airpower and standoff weaponry. 9 Valeriy Gerasimov, “The World on the Verge of War” [Mir na granyakh voyny], Military Industrial Courier [Voyenno-promyshlennyy kuryer], March 15, 2017, available at ; Aleksandr V. Rogovoy and Keir Giles, A Russian View on Land Power, The Letort Papers (Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College Press, April 2015). The Army’s ability to employ HF radio systems has atrophied significantly since the Cold War, as the United States transitioned to counterinsurgency operations. Your email address will not be published. The rear echelons are postured to to utilize either a single envelopment, to attack the defending enemy from the rear, or a double envelopment, to destroy the main enemy forces by unleashing the reserves. The logic is that America needs to play power politics so that we don’t live in a power politics world. As in the 1970s and ‘80s, the United States extends deterrence to allies and partners in the highly exposed front-yard of a great power competitor with both robust conventional forces and survivable second-strike forces capable of waging a limited nuclear war. Jim Q. Chen and John S. Hurley (Washington, DC: ACPIL, 2018), 208–219. It cannot ignore the presence of nuclear capabilities. If you have established A2/AD battle networks, then you are probably going to have an operationally defensive-dominant situation. Irregular warfare with China, Russia: Ready or not, it's coming — if not already here, Counterinsurgency in the Philippines: An Inside Look at Partner Warfare, People's Liberation Army Operational Concepts, A NATO Urban Delaying Strategy for the Baltic States, A Roundtable Discussion with Three Leading Experts on Urban Warfare. *About the authors: Dr. Jan E. Kallberg is an Assistant Professor of Political Science in the Department of Social Sciences at the United States Military Academy at West Point and a Research Scientist in the Army Cyber Institute (ACI) at West Point. The National Defense University (NDU) is the premier center for Joint Professional Military Education (JPME) and is under the direction of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff. Without them, many of our most important military advantages evaporate.22. Kuznetsov, Yu.Ye. Learn how your comment data is processed. In the end its emphasis on new comparative advantages and edge is everywhere in the NDS. This also led to advances in math, physics, chemistry, and other natural sciences. Can you spell these 10 commonly misspelled words? During the Cold War, the Soviets advanced electronic warfare and used both active EW and passive means in the electromagnetic spectrum (such as direction finding and signals intelligence).7 The Russians benefit from decades of uninterrupted prioritization and development of EW. 6 Daniel A. Dailey, Mark A. Milley, and Mark T. Esper, “Army Senior Leaders Send—Lessons from D-Day,” Army.mil, June 6, 2019, available at . Science was knowledge, and in the hands of the working class it became an alternative to religion. An accompli surprise attack is a rapid move, with little preparation and forewarning, to establish a fait accompli and to radically strengthen the adversary’s bargaining position. By stepping back and being able to retrograde to HF as a resiliency measure, the United States is increasing communication redundancy. 22 William J. Lynn, III, “A Military Strategy for the New Space Environment,” The Washington Quarterly 34, no. Please enable JavaScript on your browser and try again. 'All Intensive Purposes' or 'All Intents and Purposes'? But principled realism reminds us that the state will remain the primary player in the international arena. Our objective remains essentially defensive. Accessed 26 Oct. 2020. HF jamming equipment requires more energy and has a significant signature, which enables U.S. and NATO neutralizing attacks with standoff weaponry and anti-radiation missiles to be successful. Original content is published under a Creative Commons License per our Terms of Use. The Stimson Center is pleased to host Dan Altman, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Georgia State University, who will chart the rise of the fait accompli by surveying the modern history of territorial aggression. 1 (2012), 124–136. The College of International Security Affairs (CISA) has satellite campuses at Fort Bragg, S.C., and Tampa, Fla. He argued against strategies of horizontal escalation that would have lost the main battle (although the Maritime Strategy was not actually one of true horizontal escalation). Science and technology have advanced during these decades; therefore, there are multiple opportunities to cost-effectively enhance and improve the HF communication ability, especially pushing targeting data through HF communications. In the early days of the Soviet Union, the Communist leadership focused on hard science, equating science with progress. While HF radio equipment is also vulnerable to electronic attack, it can be difficult to target when configured to use near-vertical incident skywave (NVIS) signal propagation. Idealism about transcending war and the state reflects progressive views of world politics. So forward presence makes a lot of sense, but it should be a combat-credible forward presence that is consistent with very significant demands across the globe, particularly in the three major theaters – Asia, Europe, and the Persian Gulf. 7 Threat Handbook: Battlefield Survival and Radioelectronic Combat (Fort Monroe, VA: TRADOC, February 1983). Für nähere Informationen zur Nutzung Ihrer Daten lesen Sie bitte unsere Datenschutzerklärung und Cookie-Richtlinie. The fourth assumption is that the adversary’s advantage in electronic warfare can neutralize U.S. and NATO forces’ ability to communicate, leading to the adversary’s information supremacy. This requires retrofitting HF ability back into the platform. Indirectly, if the fourth assumption is valid, the third assumption is then validated because the electronic attack on satellite communications and line-of-sight (LOS) tactical radio would deny joint operations and the utilization of air strikes and standoff weaponry. One example is building its A2/AD complexes along NATO’s Eastern Flank (especially in Kaliningrad and Crimea). Moore, “Victory without Casualties: Russia’s Information Operations,” Parameters 48, no. Both the Russians and the Chinese saw that the Americans had a very effective way of war – the Desert Storm model. Altman will explain why the concept is so useful for understand recent conflicts in Crimea, Doklam, and the Spratly Islands and conclude with implications for near-future scenarios featuring territorial seizures by Russia and/or China. Since HF is a beyond-LOS communication channel, operators must understand how to optimize antenna arrangements depending on where they intend to propagate their signal.

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